Klotho is an anti-aging single-pass membrane protein predominantly produced in the kidney, with shedding of the amino-terminal extracellular domain into the systemic circulation. Circulating levels of soluble Klotho decrease with age, and the klotho gene is associated with increased risk of age-related diseases.
Keeping this in view, where is Klotho produced?
Klotho production in peripheral organs is highest in the kidney where it regulates vitamin D metabolism and the transport of phosphate and calcium (8, 11).
In respect to this, is Klotho a hormone?
Klotho, which is naturally produced in both the kidney and the brain, is a complex hormone that affects many different systems in the body, and it has several forms.
What chromosome is klotho on?
A.
Information about the KL gene and its protein is provided in Table 1. The KL gene was identified by Kuro-o et al (1) in 1997 through a spontaneous mutation of the ?-Klotho promoter region of ?-Klotho. The mouse KL gene locus is located on chromosome 5 (Figure 1) and flanked by PDS5B and STARD13.
What does the klotho gene do?
The klotho gene was originally identified as a putative age-suppressing gene in mice that extends life span when overexpressed. It induces complex phenotypes resembling human premature aging syndromes when disrupted. The gene was named after a Greek goddess Klotho who spun the thread of life.
What is Klotho deficiency?
In summary, Klotho is an early biomarker for CKD, and Klotho deficiency contributes to soft-tissue calcification in CKD. Klotho ameliorates vascular calcification by enhancing phosphaturia, preserving glomerular filtration, and directly inhibiting phosphate uptake by vascular smooth muscle.
What is soluble Klotho?
Soluble Klotho (sKlotho) is directly released into the extracellular compartment to reach distant tissues, where it is implicated in a variety of processes, including protection of endothelial function, inhibition of phosphate-driven vascular calcification, inflammation, cell senescence and fibrosis [5-10].
What increases Klotho?
Klotho expression is induced by aerobic exercise and declines with age. Variants in the Klotho gene have been associated with lifespan extension and risk for cardiovascular disease. A measure of the circulating levels of Klotho has been proposed as a biomarker of kidney function.
How can I raise my klotho level?
Pharmacologic means to increase endogenous Klotho levels include phosphate restriction, vitamin D, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists (thiazolidinediones), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors; all currently approved for clinical use for …