Since CD38 is highly expressed in inflammatory cells, it is possible that the low grade inflammation occurring during aging may lead to an increase in the expression of CD38 in inflammatory cells, and accumulation of CD38-positive inflammatory cells in the tissue.
Beside above, what is the function of CD38?
CD38 is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ADP ribose (ADPR) (97%) and cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) (3%) from NAD+. CD38 can be a major regulator of NAD+ levels because 100 molecules of NAD+ is required to generate one molecule of cADPR. CD38 also hydrolyzes cADPR to ADPR.
Also question is, what cells express CD38?
CD38 is expressed in many immune cell types, including bone marrow progenitors, natural killer cells, monocytes, and activated T- and B- lymphocytes [6].
What is CD38 negative?
When the percentages of CD38+ cells were plotted for the entire patient population (data not shown), the patients could be segregated into 2 groups around the 20% level. Patients with 20% or more B cells expressing CD38 were considered positive, and those with less than 20% were considered negative.
Do memory B cells express CD38?
CD38 is expressed on all naive B cells but is down-regulated on isotype-switched B cells from both the germinal centers (GCs) and the foci of Ab-forming cells which arise during the first weeks of the response.
What does CD38 positive mean?
Interpretation. CD38 expression is considered positive when the cell membrane shows strong and diffuse staining; the cytoplasm and nucleus should not stain with CD38 (Blood 2008;111:5173)
Is CD38 a protein?
CD38, also known as ADP-ribosyl cyclase, is a Type II integral membrane protein. … Through its production of cyclic ADP-ribose, CD38 modulates calcium-mediated signal transduction in many types of cells, including neutrophils and pancreatic beta cells (4, 5).
What is CD138 marker?
During normal B-cell development, cells acquire expression of CD138, also known as syndecan-1 (SDC1), a marker highly specific for terminally differentiated normal plasma cells (1). CD138 is a heparin sulphate proteoglycan that controls tumor cell survival, growth, adhesion and bone cell differentiation in MM (2).
What is CD38 in multiple myeloma?
CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells, including multiple myeloma cells. CD38 is involved in receptor-mediated adhesion, cell signaling, and modulation of cyclase and hydrolase activity.
Is CD38 expressed on T cells?
Human CD38 is highly expressed on early T cell precursors and on CD4+veCD8+ve double-positive thymocytes [8]. In contrast, mature T cells have low levels of CD38, but upon mitogenic activation, they up-regulate their expression [2, 9, 10].
How do proteasome inhibitors treat multiple myeloma?
Proteasome inhibitors are a type of drug that prevents proteasomes, the garbage disposal system of the cell, from chewing up excess proteins. The proteins build up and kill the myeloma cells.